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Historical, educational, and application-focused problems typically feature wave functions modern professional physics uses the abstract vector states.

the more abstract vector quantum states.

wave functions describing quantum systems using position or momentum variables, and.

Quantum states may be defined in different ways for different kinds of systems or problems. For example, the quantum state of an electron in a double-slit experiment could consist complex values over the detection region and, when squared, only predict the probability distribution of electron counts across the detector. These constraints alter the nature of quantum dynamic variables. However, the values derived from quantum states are complex numbers, quantized, limited by uncertainty relations, : 159 and only provide a probability distribution for the outcomes for a system. Similarly quantum states consist of sets of dynamical variables that evolve under equations of motion. If we know the position of cannon and the exit velocity of its projectiles, then we can use equations containing the force of gravity to predict the trajectory of a cannon ball precisely.

The state values evolve under equations of motion and thus remain strictly determined. : 3 For example, the state of a cannon ball would consist of its position and velocity. A classical dynamical state consists of a set of dynamical variables with well-defined real values at each instant of time. Knowledge of the quantum state together with the quantum mechanical rules for the system's evolution in time exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.įrom the states of classical mechanics Īs a tool for physics, quantum states grew out of states in classical mechanics. The result is a quantum mechanical prediction for the system represented by the state. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that embodies the knowledge of a quantum system.